der Hund is masculine and the subject: the possessive stays bare — unser Hund. unsere is for feminine/plural.
09
Frequency ladder: immer · oft · manchmal · · nie
immer (always) → oft (often) → manchmal (sometimes) → selten (rarely) → nie (never).
10
Wir zu Hause geblieben.
We stayed at home.
bleiben takes sein despite no movement — one of the classic exceptions (with sein and werden).
11
How do you form a yes/no question? — “Are you coming?”
With no question word, the verb moves to the front: Kommst du? Statement intonation does not make a question in writing.
12
Which one means “opposite …”? — The post office is opposite the station.
gegenüber + Dativ = opposite. Don’t mix it up with gegen (against) — that is the preposition of collision.
13
Das Auto gehört Vater.
The car belongs to my father.
gehören takes the Dativ: whoever something belongs to goes in the Dativ. Masculine Dativ → meinem.
14
Wo ist der Schlüssel? — Ich sehe nicht.
Where's the key? — I can't see it.
der Schlüssel is masculine — its pronoun is er/ihn, not es. Objects keep their grammatical gender.
15
Erinnerst du an unseren Urlaub?
Do you remember our holiday?
sich erinnern an — the reflexive pronoun is Accusative (dich), and the thing remembered takes an + Accusative.
16
Die Lampe hängt dem Tisch.
The lamp is hanging above the table (in mid-air).
The lamp does not touch the table, it hangs in mid-air above it: über. auf needs contact, an needs a side surface.
17
Möchtest du Kaffee Tee?
Would you like coffee or tea?
One of two options: oder. It is one of the Position 0 conjunctions that keep the word order — und · oder · aber · denn.
18
Obwohl es kalt , gehe ich spazieren. (sein)
Although it’s cold, I’m going for a walk.
ist. obwohl is another conjunction that sends the verb to the end. And because the subordinate clause comes first, the subject of the main clause moved behind the verb: gehe ich.
19
Soften a command: Komm her!
Come over here (softly).
mal turns an order into a casual «come over here, would you». The single most used softener.
20
The other person spoke very fast and you didn’t understand. Which one sounds rude?
A bare Was? is like a curt “What?”. The safe one is Wie bitte?; the second choice is Entschuldigung? with a question tone.
21
wir das verschieben?
Could we postpone this?
Könnten — Konjunktiv II, a polite request. Konnten is past tense, and Kannst doesn’t match the subject wir. That turns the order-like Wir verschieben das. into a question.
22
die Zeitung — how can you know the article?
Every noun ending in -ung · -heit · -keit · -schaft · -ion is die. Knowing the suffix hands you the article of hundreds of words for free.
23
Your neighbour is painting the stairwell. What is the best way to wish them an easy job?
There is no exact equivalent. To an acquaintance you say Frohes Schaffen or Viel Erfolg; to a worker you don’t know, saying nothing is normal too.
24
Können Sie mir bitte Restaurant empfehlen?
Could you recommend a good restaurant to me?
ein gutes. The “what” takes the accusative (das Restaurant → ein gutes Restaurant).
25
Ich freue mich das Wochenende. (looking forward)
I'm looking forward to the weekend.
Future thing you await → auf. Thing that already happened → über. Same verb, two feelings.
26
Das Buch, auf dem Tisch liegt, ist meins.
The book that is lying on the table is mine.
The relative pronoun takes its gender from the noun in front and its case from its job in its own clause. das Buch is neuter and the subject of the relative clause → das.
27
ich esse, sehe ich fern.
I watch TV while I eat.
If two things go on at the same time, use während. nachdem is for what comes after, bevor for what comes before.
28
Das Formular muss heute werden.
The form has to be filled in today.
Modal + passive pattern: Partizip II + werden. The modal is conjugated, and the two parts at the end stay fixed — ausgefüllt werden.
29
Wenn ich reich , würde ich viel reisen.
If I were rich, I would travel a lot.
The Konjunktiv II of sein is wäre. hätte would mean “if I had riches”; here it is a state, not possession.
30
Wegen Wetters bleiben wir zu Hause.
We are staying home because of the weather.
wegen takes the Genitiv. das Wetter is neuter, so the article is des and the noun becomes Wetters.
31
Ich weiß noch nicht, ob ich morgen .
I don’t know yet whether I’ll be able to come tomorrow.
kommen kann. In a subordinate clause the conjugated verb goes last; the conjugated one is the modal, so kann comes last with the infinitive kommen in front of it. kann kommen is main-clause order and does not occur in a subordinate clause. kann ich kommen is the order of a direct question — in the indirect form that order is undone, and besides, ich is already in the sentence, so it cannot appear twice.
32
Which one says this?
That can’t be true.
Das kann nicht stimmen. The very bottom of the scale is kann nicht = 0%, that is, impossibility. Das muss nicht stimmen means “it doesn’t have to be true” — that is mere doubt, not impossibility. Das soll nicht stimmen is hearsay: “they say it isn’t true”.
33
Wir uns Pizza liefern.
We’re having pizza delivered.
lassen — with wir the verb looks just like the infinitive. Here lassen means “have done”: we don’t bring the pizza, we have it brought.
34
Wir Abschied von unserem Kollegen.
We are saying goodbye to our colleague.
nehmen — “to say goodbye” is Abschied nehmen. German “takes” a farewell; if you try to build it word for word from English, the phrase breaks.
35
Im Krankenhaus ist (sauber) wichtig.
In a hospital, cleanliness is important.
sauber → Sauberkeit. Some adjectives ending in -er (sauber, heiter) take the ending -keit.
36
The man I see: Der Mann, ich sehe.
Because sehen takes the Akkusativ, the relative pronoun is den instead of der.
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